Geography of São Jorge Island, Azores
Where is São Jorge Island?
São Jorge Island, located in the Azores archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean, is renowned for its striking elongated shape and dramatic landscapes. Part of Portugal, São Jorge is situated between the islands of Pico and Faial, forming part of the Central Group of the Azores.
Population and dimensions
The island has a population of approximately 9,000 people, primarily residing in towns and villages along the coast. Its length is 35 miles (56 km) and the maximum width is only 5 miles (8 km), covering an area of 95 square miles (246.25 km²). This long, narrow shape gives São Jorge its distinctive profile, characterized by steep, almost vertical coastlines, particularly along the northern shore. The island’s central platform, averaging an altitude of 2,297 feet (700 m), is marked by a series of volcanic cones that form a central ridge.
Volcanic origin
The island of São Jorge was formed through successive fissure eruptions along the São Jorge Fault, a tectonic fissure associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and extending toward São Miguel Island. These volcanic eruptions created a line of craters along the island’s central ridge, reaching a maximum elevation of around 700 meters. São Jorge’s volcanic landscape is also shaped by the tectonic forces of a transform fault, which has influenced the island’s geological formation over time. Know more about São Jorge history.
Fajãs: a unique coastal feature
One of São Jorge’s most distinctive geographical features is the Fajãs—flat, fertile coastal areas formed by landslides or lava flows that extend into the ocean. These small plains interrupt the island’s otherwise steep coastline and provide unique habitats for agriculture and settlement. Some of the most famous fajãs include Fajã da Caldeira de Santo Cristo, known for its lagoon and cockles, and Fajã dos Cubres. These fajãs are also popular spots for outdoor activities like hiking, as they offer stunning views of the island’s rugged cliffs and lush greenery.
Photo by Karim Sakhibgareev on Unsplash
Climate and ecosystems
São Jorge’s climate is temperate and influenced by the Gulf Stream, which brings mild weather year-round. The island’s volcanic soil and climate conditions support a range of ecosystems, including forests, coastal vegetation, and endemic species. The fajãs host unique flora and fauna, with several areas designated as protected sites due to their biodiversity.
Share the experience of discovering this incredible archipelago with your loved ones. Book a personalized group trip with Azores.com.